| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 13
| Issue : 1 | Page : 47-53 |
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Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: Subgroup analysis from Riyadh mother and baby multicenter cohort study (RAHMA)
Hayfaa A Wahabi1, Samia Esmaeil2, Hala Elmorshedy3, Hanadi Bakhsh4, Aalaa Abdelrahman5, Amel Fayed4
1 Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2 Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of tropical health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt
4 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5 Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland – Bahrain, College of Medicine, Al Sayh, Bahrain
Correspondence Address:
Prof. Amel Fayed
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. P.O. Box 84428, Postal Code 11671
Saudi Arabia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_133_21
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OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in Riyadh and to examine its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: This study is a subgroup analysis from Riyadh mother and baby multicenter cohort study. Participants were grouped into four groups according to hemoglobin level: nonanemic (≥11.0 g/100 ml), mild (10–10.9 g/100 ml), moderate (7.0–9.9 g/100 ml), and severe anemia (<7.0 g/100 ml). Regression analyses were conducted to extrapolate the predicted probability (PP) for pregnancy outcomes.
RESULTS: Out of 10,600 participants, 3261 (30.76%) were anemic; 1729 (16.3%), 1520 (14.3%), and 12 (0.1%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. The odds of anemia was higher in younger mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–0.94) and in primiparous (OR = 1.01, CI: 0.90–1.14), while attendants of antenatal care and those who received iron supplements were less likely to be anemic (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.82–1.06) and (OR = 0.92, CI: 0.77–1.09), respectively. There was a significant increase in the odds of lower APGAR with the decreased hemoglobin; an increment of maternal hemoglobin by 1 g/100 ml decreased the likelihood of APGAR scores <7 by 9% (OR = 0.91, CI: 0.83–0.99). The PP showed a decrease in preterm birth (PTB) rate from 8% (CI: 6%–9%) to 6.5% (CI: 5%–8%), low birth weight (LBW) rate from 12% (CI 10%–13%) to 11% (CI: 9%–12%), stillbirth rate from 1.3% (CI: 0.7%–2.1%) to 1.1% (CI: 0.7%–1.6%), and maternal admission to intensive care unit (ICU) from 0.8% (CI: 0.2%–1.5%) to 0.2% (CI: 0.06%–0.4%), with increase of maternal hemoglobin from 7 g/100 ml to 15 g/100 ml.
CONCLUSION: More than a third of the pregnant women in Riyadh had mild-to-moderate anemia. The odds of anemia increased in primipara, younger mothers, and those without antenatal care or iron supplementation. PP showed that anemia is associated with low APGAR scores, LBW, PTB stillbirth, and maternal admission to ICU.
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