Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia Presenting Mainly with Negative CD38 Expression at Diagnosis: A Case Report with Literature Review

Abdullah S Al Saleh; Asmaa F AlOufi; Lubna Alzadjali; Ayman Alhejazi; Muhamad Hitham ALmahayni

doi:10.4103/joah.joah_82_22

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CASE REPORT

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 1 | Page : 48-51

Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia Presenting Mainly with Negative CD38 Expression at Diagnosis: A Case Report with Literature Review

Abdullah S Al Saleh¹, Asmaa F AlOufi², Lubna Alzadjali³, Ayman Alhejazi⁴, Muhamad Hitham ALmahayni⁴
¹ College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology and HSCT, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
² Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
³ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⁴ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology and HSCT, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Abdullah S Al Saleh
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology and HSCT, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh
Saudi Arabia

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_82_22

The loss of CD38 expression has been described in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with relapsed/refractory disease and patients receiving CD38 monoclonal antibodies. However, the loss of CD38 at diagnosis is extremely rare with very few reports describing such finding in newly diagnosed MM patients. Only two detailed case reports described CD38-negative clonal plasma cells at diagnosis. However, none of these cases was primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL). We describe an elderly patient with primary PCL presenting mainly with a negative CD38 expression, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been described. The patient did not do well and died within 3 months of diagnosis. The loss of CD38 expression at diagnosis could indicate more aggressive disease biology.

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