ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2022 | Volume
: 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 84--90
A retrospective study of risk factors of stroke or pathological transcranial doppler ultrasonography in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim Al-Harbi1, Ali Algiraigri2, Sumaya Khaldi3, Rahf Albogmi4, Salha Asiri5, Wed Alogaibi5
1 Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Sumaya Khaldi
King Fahad General Hospital, P. O Box 9862, Postal Code 21559 Jeddah
Saudi Arabia
INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia with abnormal red blood cells. Stroke is a devastating complication of SCD. In Saudi Arabia, there is a high incidence of children with SCD who have had stroke. No studies have been conducted to look at the risk factors. In this review, we aim to explore these risk factors.
METHODOLOGY: In this retrospective cohort, individuals between 0 and 18 years old, diagnosed with SCD and had either a stroke, or pathological transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) result (cerebral blood velocity ≥200 cm/second or repeated borderline result >170 cm/second) were included. 38 cases were assessed. The parents were interviewed regarding patients personal, social, and family history. Medical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records.
RESULTS: Females were more affected (20/38). Most children are of an average socioeconomic status (20/38 compared to only 12/38 with poor socioeconomic status). Parental education inversely correlated with the risk of stroke/pathological TCD. The most common presentation of stroke was weakness (9/38), followed by headache (5/38). History of a prior stroke was found to be significant at 15.8%. The Cooperative Study of SCD found that leukocytosis is associated with an increased risk of stroke. In contrary, our review showed an average white blood cell count of 13.01 (+/‒5.36), HbS concentration at the onset of stroke, and/or pathological TCD of 66.23% (+/‒20.11). The most common artery involved was the middle cerebral artery.
CONCLUSION: Stroke is very prevalent in children with SCD in Saudi Arabia. A striking finding was that parental education inversely correlated with the risk; therefore, improving the awareness level of SCD among parents is crucial. Wide implementation of TCD as a screening tool and improving compliance with TCD may lead to reduce the risk. We encourage Saudi researchers to focus on central nervous system complications in children with SCD.
How to cite this article:
Al-Harbi I, Algiraigri A, Khaldi S, Albogmi R, Asiri S, Alogaibi W. A retrospective study of risk factors of stroke or pathological transcranial doppler ultrasonography in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.J Appl Hematol 2022;13:84-90
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How to cite this URL:
Al-Harbi I, Algiraigri A, Khaldi S, Albogmi R, Asiri S, Alogaibi W. A retrospective study of risk factors of stroke or pathological transcranial doppler ultrasonography in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Appl Hematol [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 22 ];13:84-90
Available from: https://www.jahjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1658-5127;year=2022;volume=13;issue=2;spage=84;epage=90;aulast=Al-Harbi;type=0 |
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